THE CREATION OF THE MARCA HISPANICA
In the Pyrenees , Charlemagne created the Marca Hispánica. This was a defensive zone divided into counties to protect the Carolingian Empire fro the attacks of the Muslims. When Charlemagne died, this counties turned into independent kingdoms or counties completely free from the imperial rule.
THE KINGDOM OF PAMPLONA
The count of Pamplona, Iñigo Arista, became independent from the Frankish dominio. The Kingdom of Pamplona was founded in 830.
Under the rule of Sancho III (The Great), the Kingdom of Pamplona had its maximum extension as he united the kingdoms of Pamplona, and the territories of Castile and Aragón. However, after his death the kingdom was divided into his sons.
Later on, the Kingdom of Pamplona became the Kingdom of Navarre.
THE KINGDOM OF ARAGON
In the 9th century, some Aragonese counties (Aragón, Sobrarbe and Ribagorza) became independent from the Frankish rule. Ramiro I , son of Sancho III the Great, proclaimed king of Aragón.
THE CATALONIAN COUNTIES
In the 9th century, Wilfred the Hairy, count of Barcelona extended his dominions to other Catalonian counties. In 987, another count of Barcelona,Borrell II, become independent from the Franks and left the territory to his sons.
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